The pelton turbine includes a wheel disc with buckets mounted within a casing on a rotatable drive shaft. The design and fabricat ion of a working prototype of a hydro turbine. The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine. A 12 pelton wheel with reducer and gatevalve throttle. It is so designed that wheel velocity is half the jet velocity to obtain max. The turbine is not immersed in water but operates in air with the wheel driven by jets of high pressure. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. Parts, working, efficiency, advantages, disadvantages, applications with pdf. If the vane moves towards the jet, the water gains speed. Design of pelton wheels pelton wheel is designed to find out the following data. Specification of runner used in pelton wheel turbine. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Construction and working of pelton wheel impulse turbine.
L11construction of pelton turbine mi304fluid machines. Hydraulic turbine which are generally known as water turbine used to convert hydraulic energy or we can say that energy of water kinetic and pressure energy of water into mechanical energy. The pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings. The design and fabrication of a working prototype of a hydro turbine. The design of casing requires consideration of hydraulic as well as mechanical aspects.
These turbines are generally used for sites with heads greater than 300 meters. It was invent to by lester allan pelton in the 1870s and amend significantly by other inventors beyond late 1800. Definition, parts or construction, working principle, advantages, pdf. Number of buckets z pelton wheel is designed with the following input. How pelton turbine works is explained in detail in this video. The literature on pelton turbine design available is scarce. The design of this impulse water turbine is inspired from pelton turbine. Construction and working of pelton turbine youtube. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine which is work under the atmospheric pressure and it work on high head which is lies in the range between 2000.
Apart from some energy lost to friction can be introduced by a bucket ef. Turgo turbine is an impulsive water turbine and handles flow rates more than the flow rates of pelton turbine handles. At least one nozzle is provided for expelling a fluid jet tangentially of the disc onto the buckets. Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure energy of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet and this jet strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. The free water jet strikes the turbine buckets tangentially. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. It converts the kinetic energy from the water jet into mechanical energy. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine which is work under the. The material by which the turbine is constructed matters a lot in. Pelton wheels are suitable for high heads, typically above about 450 metres with. Water is conveying to turbine during penstock with nozzle to type a free jet of. Hand wheel is fixed to spear rod so as to respond it to get a preferred size jet of water. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator.
For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. For construction of model for pelton wheel turbines first choose the runner size and its. The driving fluid falls from the buckets into a sump in the outlet. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. The water in a pelton turbine is moving quickly high velocity head, figure 2 and the turbine.
Pelton turbine this turbine is named after lester a. The pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that extracts energy from the impulse of moving water and is the preferred turbine for hydropower. The working principle of this turbine is same as other impulse water turbines. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2.
A partition divides the interior of the housing into a spray fluid and outlet region and an upper ventilation region. Dhakan, abdul basheer pombra chalil casing is an important part of vertical pelton turbine unit, which acts as a housing for runner and the support for generator. Learn about the pelton turbine with large pelton wheel. Pelton turbine gains mechanical energy purely due to change in kinetic energy of jet of water.
Hello friends, in this video we are discussing about pelton turbine working animation. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel. Pelton turbine working, main parts, application with diagram. Popular science though one of mans oldest prime movers, a water wheel generator is still a fascinating piece of machinery. The brake nozzle directs the jet of water on the back of buckets to stop the wheel. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine but here we talk about only reaction turbine. According to water flowing through the turbine runners, turbines are classified in two categories i. Many earlier variations of impulse turbines existed, but they were less efficient than peltons design. A wheel power divided by the initial jet power, is the turbine efficiency. It is good for applications with high pressure head and low flow. The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner. The maximum speed number for a pelton turbine today is.
The shaft of the pelton turbine may have a horizontal or vertical orientation. Working the water impulse energy exerts torque on the bucketwheel system, spinning the wheel. Parts, working, advantages, formulas, applications. Pelton turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water.
The ratio of utmost and least operating head can even be two in the case of francis turbine. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser. Design and construction of main casing for four jet vertical pelton turbine prakash k. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine which is work under the atmospheric pressure and it work on. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. Each bucket has a high centre ridge so that the flow is divided to leave the runner at both sides. Parts or construction, working principle, advantages, pdf babcock and wilcox boiler. The jet directed by brake nozzle is called braking jet. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer. This turbine is used for high head and is named after the american engineer lester pelton. Different parts and their functions of pelton turbine are as follows. The buckets are small compared to the wheel and so they have a single velocity u. Pelton wheel pelton turbine hydropower 3d animation. The main difference between the turgo and pelton turbine is the.
Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. Turgo turbine was developed gilkes energy company in 1919. For construction of model for pelton wheel turbines first choose the runner size and its thickness so from. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine. Pdf the design and fabrication of a working prototype of. Pelton turbine parts, working and design aspects the constructor. Pelton turbine design of gilgel gibe ii at a runner circumferential velocity of around half the jet velocity, the maximum efficiency in the energy conversion is reached because the energy of the discharging water is at its minimum. View l11construction of pelton turbine from me 231a at iit kanpur. The pelton turbine is a type of turbine used in the hydropower industry within the field of renewable energy a pelton turbine is a hydraulic turbine of the impulse type used in hydroelectric power plants with high vertical height. General information the pelton turbine is a hydraulic impulse turbine, in which one or more water jets hit buckets on a wheel. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction.
In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. Pelton turbine working animation hydro power generator. It has a large wheel or runner that has buckets turbine blades that absorb the energy in the water. Due to this condition the available head is responsible for getting high velocity so to elongate. Pdf water is the renewable source of energy and approximately 15% of world energy drives by. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. A pelton turbine or pelton wheel is a type of hydro turbine specifically an impulse turbine used frequently in hydroelectric plants. A common classification of modern pelton turbine designs is related to the orientation of the shaft. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. In hydroelectric power plant it is used to drive the generator attached to it and the generator generates the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. The unit consists of a pelton wheel mounted in a corrosionresistant enclosure. Shows students how an impulse pelton turbine works and tests its performance. How it works, its components, design, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
In this article we will study about the pelton wheel or pelton turbine working, main parts, application with diagram. Fabrication of pelton wheel turbine mechanical project. The resulting jet of water is directed tangentially at buckets on the wheel producing impulsive force on them. Pelton an american engineer who developed it in the year 1880. The pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to waters dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel.
The energy available at the turbine is only kinetic energy. They have vast application and can be classified in different ways. A pelton wheel is an impulsetype water turbine invented by lester allan pelton in the 1870s. The turbojet engine is a closed cycle gas turbine engine that is used in aircraft and other industries by the burning of fuel and the use of several components like compressor, turbine, propeller and more.
The fluid power is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzles. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel decreases faster by wear than francis turbine. Hindi construction and working of pelton turbine youtube. Pdf modeling and design of pelton wheel turbine for high. The pelton wheel is an important and efficient fluid power machine, used in many applications. The main difference between a pelton turbine and a turgo turbine is that turgo turbines use single cups instead of double cups on the wheel, and these cups are more shallow. Among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. As the equations indicate, when a real pelton wheel is working close to maximum efficiency, the fluid flows off the wheel with. Fabrication of pelton wheel turbine mechanical project abstract a peltonwheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine with tangential flow the water hits its wheel at a tangent. Improving the efficiencies of pelton wheel in micro hydro. A pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine, and the available energy at the entrance is completely kinetic energy. Hydraulic turbines if the working fluid is incompressible, its enthalpy change in an adiabatic process depends on pressure change.